We now know that the hippocampus is differentially regulated by subregions along its longitudinal axis, from dorsal to ventral poles in rodents, or in humans from posterior to anterior poles. A dominant view in the field implicated for a long time the dorsal hippocampus particularly in cognitive function (e.g. spatial memory) and the ventral hippocampus in emotional mediated responses, as lesions in the dorsal hippocampus lead to deficits in spatial memory behavioral tasks, while lesions in the ventral hippocampus result in an anxiety-like behavior phenotype. We are thus interested in understanding the differential contribution of the long axis of the hippocampus to different types of memory mechanisms and circuits. Additionally, we are currently studying the impact of disorders that affect the hippocampus, such as Alzheimer’s disease and chronic stress, in a more regional specific way, along the longitudinal hippocampal axis. To tackle these questions, we are using a multitude of approaches, from rodent models with behavior, electrophysiology and molecular focused studies, to human patients, using predominantly MRI acquisitions.