Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is a major risk factor for developing multiple sclerosis (MS). In this study, we will investigate, in people with MS, a specific type of immune cell called CD8+ T lymphocytes, which are essential for controlling viral infections, including EBV. These cells recognize small fragments of viral proteins (peptides) when presented by HLA molecules, which are found on most cells in the body. HLA molecules display these viral fragments on the cell surface, allowing CD8+ T lymphocytes to detect infected cells. When a CD8+ T lymphocyte recognizes a specific HLA-peptide complex through its T cell receptors (TCRs), it triggers an immune response to destroy the infected cell and eliminate the virus.

Notably, research suggests that a weakened immune response to EBV may increase the risk of developing MS, yet the underlying mechanism remains unclear.

The goal of this project is to compare CD8+ T lymphocyte responses to EBV in people with MS and in healthy individuals. By isolating and analyzing their TCRs, we aim to understand how these cells recognize EBV. Finally, by evaluatin whether the identified TCRs enhance the ability of CD8+ T lymphocytes to recognize and eliminate EBV-infected cells, we seek to identify TCRs with potential for future therapeutic development.